Any official who sees the violations but fails to report them is equally guilty. Anyone who uses history to criticize the present shall have his family executed. Anyone who dares to discuss the Shi Jing or the Classic of History shall be publicly executed. With the exception of the academics whose duty includes possessing books, if anyone under heaven has copies of the Shi Jing, the Classic of History, or the writings of the hundred schools of philosophy, they shall deliver them to the governor or the commandant for burning. Li Si is reported to have said: "I, your servant, propose that all historian's records other than those of Qin's be burned. This was followed by the live burial of a large number of intellectuals who did not comply with the state dogma. Following Qin's conquest of all the others, Emperor Qin Shi Huang – on the advice of his minister Li Si – ordered the burning of all philosophy books and history books from states other than Qin – beginning in 213 BC. Main article: Burning of books and burying of scholars Killing the Scholars and Burning the Books, anonymous 18th century Chinese painted album leaf Bibliothèque nationale de France, Parisĭuring the Warring States period, China was divided into various states – each of which had its own historians, writing over centuries their version of the history of their state and its relations with neighbors and rivals. Chinese philosophy books (by Emperor Qin Shi Huang and anti-Qin rebels) Still, these fragments are enough to let many consider Democritus to be "The Father of Modern Science".
Conversely, none of Democritus' writings have survived, and only fragments are known from his vast body of work. Plato's own writings were frequently copied, and unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. In his own lifetime, Plato was not in a position to destroy all copies of his rival's writings, but Plato's purpose was largely achieved through the choices made by scribes in later Classical times. Aristoxenus in his Historical Notes affirms that "Plato wished to burn all the writings of Democritus that he could collect".
The philosopher Plato is said to have greatly disliked fellow-philosopher Democritus and wanted all of Democritus' books burned. Burnet notes that even if some copies of Protagoras' book were burned, enough of them survived to be known and discussed in the following century. However, the classicist John Burnet doubts this account, as both Diogenes Laërtius and Cicero wrote hundreds of years later and no such persecution of Protagoras is mentioned by contemporaries who make extensive references to this philosopher. The same story is also mentioned by Cicero.
According to Diogenes Laërtius, the above outspoken agnostic position taken by Protagoras aroused anger, causing the Athenians to expel him from their city, where the authorities ordered all copies of the book to be collected and burned in the marketplace. Quotations of his works were embedded in the works of later authors. 420 BC) was a proponent of agnosticism, writing in a now lost work titled On the Gods: "Concerning the gods, I have no means of knowing whether they exist or not or of what sort they may be, because of the obscurity of the subject, and the brevity of human life. The Classical Greek philosopher Protagoras (c.
Protagoras' "On the Gods" (by Athenian authorities) As recounted in Jeremiah 36, Jeremiah's scroll was read before Jehoiakim, King of Judah, in the presence of important officials King Jehoiakim destroyed the scroll in a fire, and then sought to have Jeremiah arrested. Notable book burnings – the public burning of books for ideological reasons – have taken place throughout history.Īntiquity A scroll written by the Hebrew prophet Jeremiah (burnt by King Jehoiakim) Ībout 600 BC, Jeremiah of Anathoth wrote that the King of Babylon would destroy the land of Judah.
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